16^th World Congress on Psychiatry and Psychological Syndromes April 24-25, 2017 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and an applied science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.

Mental illness includes a broad range of health problems. For most people, mental illness is thought of as an illness associated with severe behavioural disturbances such as violence, agitation and being sexually inappropriate. Such disturbances are usually associated with severe mental disorders. However, the vast majority of those with a mental illness behave and look no different from anyone else. These common mental health problems include depression, anxiety, sexual problems and addiction. There have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the causes and treatment of mental illnesses. Most of these treatments can be provided effectively.

Mental health (psychiatric or psychologic) disorders involve disturbances in thinking, emotion, and behavior. Small disturbances in these aspects of life are common, but when such disturbances distress the person greatly and/or interfere with daily life, they are considered mental illness or a mental health disorder. The effects of mental illness may be long-lasting or temporary. These disorders are caused by complex interactions between physical, psychologic, social, cultural, and hereditary influences. Psychiatric medications are most often prescribed by primary care physician. However the best and most effective treatment for a mental health concern is from a mental health professional a psychiatrist, psychologist, clinical social worker or psychotherapist. For many patients, a combination of psychotherapy and medication is usually the proven, most effective method of treatment.

Psychiatric nursing or mental health nursing is the specialty of nursing that cares for people of all ages with mental illness or mental distress, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression or dementia. Being a mental health nurse can be very rewarding, but it can be a stressful and emotionally draining job as well.  As well as working full-time, you can also work part-time or casually in this field.  Registered nurses can work in the mental health field and they can also increase their qualifications by undertaking further study in this field for either a graduate diploma or Master’s degree or applying to become a credentialed mental health nurse.

The term psychiatric or psychological disorder means a mental disorder or illness that interferes with the way a person behaves, interacts with others, and functions in daily life. Psychiatric disorders are also sometimes known as mental health disorders or mental health illnesses. More often than not, psychiatric problems go unnoticed and undiagnosed in patients seeking treatment for some other health problem. These disorders range from normal behavioral & mood to violent actions.

Disorders usually first diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence comprising mental Retardation, Learning Disorders, Motor Skills Disorders, Communication Disorders, Pervasive Development Disorders etc. which Fails child to give close attention to details & makes careless mistakes and also easily distracted by extraneous stimuli. Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists are not alone, however, as the national need for child and adolescent social workers, educational specialists, and psychologists is equally as great. Nearly 85% of all psychotropic medications prescribed to children, including stimulants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers.

Psychiatry & Psychology of the elderly is a branch of Neuro or brain disorders and forms part of the multidisciplinary delivery of mental health care to older people. The specialty is sometimes referred to as geriatric psychiatry, old age psychiatry or psychogeriatrics. The population of old (and particularly very old) people is increasing rapidly throughout the developed and developing world. This reflects improving health and social conditions and is a cause for celebration. Older people remain in good mental as well as physical health and continue to contribute to their families and to society. Some mental illnesses (such as the dementias) are particularly common in old age; others differ in clinical features and/or present particular problems in management. Social difficulties, multiple physical problems and sensory deficits are also common.

Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illnesses but because it has been misunderstood, it has received relatively little attention and its victims have been undeservingly stigmatized. Schizophrenia is not a split personality, a rare and very different disorder. Like cancer and diabetes, schizophrenia has a biological basis; it is not caused by bad parenting or personal weakness. Schizophrenia is, in fact, a relatively common disease diagnosed in population over the course of their lives. While there is no known cure for schizophrenia, it is a very treatable disease. Most of those afflicted by schizophrenia respond to drug therapy, and many are able to lead productive and fulfilling lives.

Anxiety disorders are actually quite common and it has been estimated that over one quarter of the general population will experience a real anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Commonly anxiety disorders co-exist with other medical conditions, especially depression. The majority of people who have depressive illness also experience symptoms of anxiety, there is evidence that these two conditions share similar disturbances in brain chemical function, specifically in serotonin transmission. Symptoms of anxiety and depression thus frequently overlap and people with anxiety disorders may feel, as do depressed people, agitated, guilty, exhausted, insomniac, and socially withdrawn. Anxiety caused by medications or substance or alcohol abuse is not typically recognized as an anxiety disorder.

Depression is not a character flaw or sign of personal weakness. Depression is the common cold of mental disorders — most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly, through a friend or family member. Confusion is commonplace about depression, for example, about what depression exactly is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression e.g.: Depression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. These include a persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood, and feelings of hopelessness or pessimism. unipolar depression, biological depression, manic depression, seasonal affective disorder, dysthymia, etc.

Bipolar disorder also known by its older name “manic depression,” is a mental disorder that is characterized by constantly changing moods. A person with bipolar disorder experiences alternating “highs” called “mania “and “lows” also known as depression. Both the manic and depressive periods can be brief, from just a few hours to a few days, or longer, lasting up to several weeks or even months. The periods of mania and depression range from person to person many people may only experience very brief periods of these intense moods, and may not even be aware that they have bipolar disorder.

Several behaviors, besides psychoactive substance ingestion, produce short-term reward that may engender persistent behavior despite knowledge of adverse consequences, i.e., diminished control over the behavior. These disorders have historically been conceptualized in several ways. One view posits these disorders as lying along an impulsive-compulsive spectrum, with some classified as impulse control disorders. An alternate, but not mutually exclusive, conceptualization considers the disorders as non-substance or “behavioral” addictions.

Track 13: Psychiatry & Psychology practice

This introduces key perspectives, theories, and practices in psychiatry including the recovery paradigm, clinical supervision, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and management of psychiatric emergencies. Begin to situate theoretical knowledge within a historical and ethical context to develop clinical skills to work within today’s culturally diverse communities. Social psychiatry, gaining an understanding of the social dimensions of mental health including working with families, consumers and carers within the community as well as non-government and civil organisations. This unit introduces critical appraisal and exam preparation skills, together with classification systems in psychiatry.

Psychologists specialize in a host of different areas within the field and identify themselves by many different labels. The field of psychology encompasses both research, through which we learn fundamental things about human and nonhuman animal behavior, and practice, through which that knowledge is applied to solving problems and promoting healthy human development. In each of the subfields, there are psychologists who work primarily as researchers, others who work primarily as practitioners and many who do both (scientist–practitioners). Indeed, one of psychology’s most unique and important characteristics is its coupling of science and practice, which stimulates the continual advancement of both. 

Your treatment depends on the type of mental illness you have, its severity and what works best for you. In many cases, a combination of treatments works best. If you have a mild mental illness with well-controlled symptoms, treatment from one health care provider may be sufficient. However, often a team approach is appropriate to make sure all your psychiatric, medical and social needs are met. This is especially important for severe mental illnesses.

Psychiatric case reports contain information from and about the patient. The case report is to reflect that the person who wrote it is familiar with psychiatric technical terms in describing the symptoms, the status and in illustrating the illness. Case report demonstrate that the examiner has basic information’s to express symptoms according the investigation of the patient, is able to make differential diagnosis between separate illnesses and can establish a therapeutic plan. Information from other medical documents or those gained by the examiner himself should be separated in the case report.