Day 3 :
- Session on: Mental Health Care | CBT & Child Disorders | Rehabilitation
Session Introduction
Wala Maaitah
Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
Title: Rejection Identification Model: The Case of Middle Eastern Refugees in Germany
Biography:
Wala Maaitah is currently a Social Psychology PhD student at the University of Jena, Germany. She is interested in socio-psychological dynamics that define social groups involved in intractable conflicts. She is also interested in psychological trauma and its repercussions for politics and inter-group relations.
Abstract:
As the controversy of immigration compounds worldwide, scholastic curiosity exhibited by advocates of the psychology of the powerless continues to engross in minority groups’ experiences of devaluation and continued suffering in countries of refuge. Processes involved in the social and psychological recovery of the mostly Middle Eastern civil war absconders in Europe remain faraway from being completely understood. The rejection identification model proposed by Branscombe et al. (1999) coupled with supported evidence from integrated threat theory (Stephan et al., 1999) put forward that out-group rejection and stable discrimination damage minority group's well-being. Yet, in-group's positive self-esteem is preserved through the positive counteractive effect of in-group identification. Namely, activation of group identity increases inclusion and belongingness to in-group, and serves as a substantial protective coping resource and a successful behavioral basis that buffers the negative effects of out-group rejection (Ramos et al, 2011). In our present study we examined how perceived realistic threat, past and pervasive experiences of prejudice among Middle Eastern refugees in Germany impact their minority group identification, psychological wellbeing, and attitudes towards Germans. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to 230 Middle Eastern refugees at 22 refugee camps in Germany. Preliminary analysis shows significant correlations between variables, such as, experiences of discrimination and psychological distress r= 0.412, p=000, likewise, a positive correlation between perceived realistic threat and hostility towards Germans r=0.255, p=000. Our results speak for social and psychological needs of civil war absconders and refugees, as their crisis ranks first on list of current issues of public opinion.
Afsaneh Nikjooy
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Title: What are the differences between neurophysiologic indices of pelvic floor in patients with dyssynergic defecation vs. healthy persons based on fMRI findings
Biography:
Afsaneh Nikjooy is an Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. She is a Member of International Continence Society (ICS) and Iranian Continence society (IrCS). She has worked in pelvic floor physiotherapy for more than 12 years. She has managed several courses of pelvic floor physiotherapy for master’s students of this field in Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Abstract:
Dyssynergic defecation (DD) is one of the most common functional defecation disorders and has been recognized as a major cause of chronic functional constipation. The etiology of DD is unclear; this abnormal muscle activity may be due to brain-bowel axis dysfunction, an acquired behavioral defecation disorder. The coordinated mechanisms of defecation may have never been learnt during childhood and may be a result of sexual or physical or emotional abuse. Patients with DD, exhibit significant psychological distress and impaired health-related QOL. It is necessary to understand the neurophysiologic indices of this dysfunction to make a proper clinical decision for achieving a better treatment plan to improve the patients’ QOL. This study can be the foundation of the next researches to provide the new method for investigating neural rehabilitation and better understanding of the mechanisms of improving motor functions and also be a good background, for later studies to compare the effects of intervention therapy (Biofeedback and cognition behavioral therapy). 20 constipated patients with DD and 9 healthy asymptomatic were included in the study. The participants were studied using fMRI to detect brain activity during voluntary contraction of puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles, as well as during straining to defecation and rest. External sensory events, eliciting strong emotional reactions, can alter the function of the alimentary canal and lead to common disorders of gastrointestinal function and defecation. fMRI study findings showed active regions of the brain during the tasks. Also fMRI could reveal the differences between the patients and healthy controls.
Diana Kljenak
University of Toronto, Canada
Title: Emotion is a royal road to cognition: Transference and counter transference in CBT
Biography:
Diana Kljenak is an Assistant Professor and a Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Lead for the University of Toronto. She is a Staff Psychiatrist in the Community Mental Health Program at the University Health Network in Toronto and a Consulting Psychiatrist for the Central Toronto and Regent Park Community Health Centers. Her primary teaching and clinical interests include both collaborative care and psychotherapy. She is a Psychotherapy Coordinator at the UHN Centre for Mental Health as well as the CBT Psychotherapy Core Curriculum Block Coordinator and CBT seminar Co-lead. She is a collaborative care Supervisor and CBT Supervisor at the UHN Centre for Mental Health. She is the President of the Ontario Psychiatric Association and a Co-chair of the Ontario Coalition of Psychiatrists. She is active in the Canadian Psychiatric Association as a Member of its Membership Affairs Committee. She was formerly a Co-chair of the Collaborative Mental Health Working Group at the University of Toronto. She has also been invited as a Visiting Professor to University of Tampere and Southern Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Centre, Helsinki, Finland. She is the 2012 recipient of the Ivan L Silver Award for Excellence in Continuing Mental Health Education, University of Toronto.
Abstract:
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based therapy used to effectively treat a number of mental health disorders. Traditionally, CBT has been thought of as a treatment modality that is technique-based and not concerned with the therapeutic relationship than other forms of psychotherapy. In this workshop, a basic CBT model will be reviewed. Participants will learn how transference and counter transference can be understood through a CBT lens. Case examples will be used to illustrate how cognitive and behavioral techniques could be effectively used to recognize and manage counter transference. Participants will be able to practice these techniques in pairs. They will be able to reflect on the use of these techniques in their own practice regardless of their preferred psychotherapeutic modality.
Adel Masaud Agina
University of Twente, the Netherlands
Title: The effect of media on childhood disorders
Biography:
Adel Masaud Agina has completed his BSc in Computer Science, Tripoli University/Libya in 1991 and in 2003; he has obtained his MSc in Telematics Education from Twente University, the Netherlands. In 2005, he started another MSc in Communication Studies, PhD in Technical and Professional Communication at Twente University. In 2014, he started another PhD in Human-Media-Interaction from Twente University. He focuses on the effect of media on young Children's Behavioral Development (CBD). Currently, he is involved in multidisciplinary projects such as using AURA science and RFID (Radio Frequencies Identification) towards understanding the effect of media on children.
Abstract:
People are always looking for new ways to educate their children and believe that if children are having fun, they learn better. However, children's play is a sharpen double edge sword given that children do not only feel but also ‘taste’ the arousal especially when they use media. Despite the negative effect of playing violent games, violent arousal has positive effect on children’s development especially self-regulation and thinking aloud. Early Childhood Disorders (ECD), which is the outcome of the daily activities the children engage with has drastically affected by the media's daily use. Media may be negatively used to increase ECD even at schools as it may be positively used to decrease ECD even at home. This subject remains under significant challenge so far given the fact that ECD may increase or decrease children's self-regulation and thinking aloud, which are the main key elements that controls ECD. Towards better understanding on how can ECD be defined and treated, not only the interdisciplinary but also the multidisciplinary researches, through engaging different branches of sciences are highly needed nowadays. Remarkably, one of the most valuable researches that the literature still lacks so far is embedding the AURA science and the technology of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) towards studying ECD. This is besides the other sciences especially Cognitive and Metacognitive, Educational Psychology, Educational Technology, Human-Media-Interaction, Artificial Intelligent and so on are also embedded.
Francis Itua
Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Nigeria
Title: Violent behavior tracking format (VBTF): An accurate means of recording patients’ violent behaviors
Biography:
Francis Itua is a high rank Psychiatrist at Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro in Nigeria. His research interests mainly include people and consequences related to patients with Anger, emotions and behavioral disorders. He has huge contributions in mental health treatments.
Abstract:
Introduction: “Violence is an expression of anger, fear or despair through an extreme and forceful delivery of actions and emotions, inflicting harmful or damaging effects. Violence could take the form of actual physical assault on a target, intense verbal or written threats and/or damage to property” (Steve Morgan, 2000). “Aggression/Violence may represent the lowest incidence of all the broad risk indicators, but it holds the potential to attract most attention through its ability to tap into personal and collective fear of assault” (Steve Morgan, 2000). Such fear certainly has a great deal of effect on staff’s performance and effectiveness and the need to keep accurate record of such behaviors that has the capacity to create enormous fear among clinicians cannot be over emphasized. Clinical violence risk assessment and management with the aid of structured instrument has become an integral part of mental health nursing practice. It is therefore needful to also keep an accurate record of clinical violent behavior with the aid of a structured format. Before now, nurses and other members of the health team gave verbal reports of violent attacks in the course of their practice. And it has never been easy getting accurate figures out of these reports. Hence, there is a pressing need to give scientific approach to whatever we do, especially in the management of violent behaviors and be able to substantiate reports of violence in our day to day practice with the aid of accurate figures (statistics). Since the introduction of Aro Clinical Risk Assessment Tool (ACRAT); a multi-risk assessment tool to the mainstream of clinical practice in NPH, Aro, the author have always seen the need to keep clear and accurate records of these risks (including violence) and the way they are managed. Hence, the creation of Violent Behavior Tracking Format (VBTF) by the author is a timely undertaken. This format is the result of experience, observations and extensive literature search. The need to understand clinical violence risk: The pattern, frequency, management methods and the efficacy of such methods underscore the importance of this format. The format covers the following aspects of clinical violence and management: Patient’s details, Nature of aggression/violence, Target of aggression/violence, Action(s) taken by staff, Results of action(s) taken, Appraisal of action taken, Date, time and shift incident occurred, Name and signature of duty staff, Name and signature of witness. This format was designed to allow for easy statistical analysis of clinical violence behavior. And it is hoped that quality statistical reports of violent behaviors from patients will be generated with it. This will further help employers to make informed decisions in the following areas (not exhaustive): Nature of update courses for staff, Methods of reducing staff injury due to patient’s violence, Staff welfare and motivation, Staff insurance, increased hazard allowances, and Creating and empowering crisis intervention team. Developing protocol to reduce patients’ self-harm to barest minimum. If employees ask for any of the above and have them supported with figures (statistics), it will be more likely to receive the blessing of employers than when such demands and are made without viable figures. General uses of VBTF: Generally, this format is multi-purpose in nature. It could be used for the followings: Record keeping, Developing statistics (figures) on violent behaviors, Research purposes, Quantification of employee’s (nurses’) duty. The introduction of VBTF has not come to eliminate the traditional incidence reporting method but to complement it, even as the new format is much easier to process with statistical tools. The way we have reported incidences over the years, hardly allowed for scientific processing of such information. VBTF have been developed to help us generate scientific figures in reporting clinical violent behaviors. The nursing department of Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, will however, allow any institution or individual to use the format once the following conditions are met: That formal permission is requested from the department, That commitment is given by the institution/individual not to alter any part of the format and That a softcopy of the format is obtained from the department. All these could be arranged through electronic mails. Conclusion: It is hoped that the use of this format will bring a new spirit into the way and manner we manage and record clinical violence behavior. Also, I am looking forward to a time when staff and students will develop interest in researching into clinical violence behavior with aid of this format and other related ones.
Lazarus Kajawu
University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Title: Why do people use traditional healers in mental health care in Zimbabwe
Biography:
Lazarus Kajawu has completed his MSc in Clinical Psychology at UZ in year 1998; BSc Hons Psychology at UZ in 1995 and BA Psychology & Economics at UNISA in 1994. His research interests include community mental health. He has various publications on depression and common mental disorders, Psychologist’s role and Torture & post traumatic disorders.
Abstract:
Objectives: To explore why some people in Zimbabwe use traditional medicine for the treatment of mental disorders. Materials & Methods: Forty-eight consenting participants were drawn from a community to the north-east of Harare. We conducted 30 interviews with patients from healing sites using convenience sampling and three focus-group discussions with 18 participants from the community recruited through three food distribution depots in the settlement. Setting: Traditional healing sites and community halls in a community to the north-east of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Study design: Non-experimental exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured key-informant one-on-one and focus-group interviews was used. Study was carried out by examining records of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers’ Association (ZINATHA) to determine the names of all of the TMPs in Epworth and recruited those we could find into the study with the assistance of local community health workers. As a result, our sample provides nearly exhaustive coverage of the TMPs in Epworth. After locating the TMP, we requested permission from TMPs to let us recruit patient participants at matare (traditional healing shrines). To recruit eligible patients, we used a convenience sampling strategy as patients were leaving the healing shrine. Community members were recruited at food distribution depots (depots that distribute food parcels to the needy), again using a convenience sampling strategy as they were leaving the depot. Investigators explained the study objectives, procedures and obtained informed consent from the participants. Participants were excluded from the study if they did not speak the Shona language and if they were minors (under 18 years of age) or had severe cognitive impairment. Recruitment continued until theoretical saturation had been reached, the point at which no new concepts emerged from subsequent interviews. The study was approved by University of Zimbabwe and Parirenyatwa Joint Research Ethics Committee (JREC) and the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ). Approval was also obtained from Kunaka District Hospital in Epworth and from Zimbabwe Traditional Medical Practitioners Council before the start of the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, including permission to audio-record the interviews. Interventions & Outcome Measures Used: Parameters assessed for included participant demographics such as age and gender, the patient’s views about traditional healing practices, what caused their illness, the treatment strategies used and the changes in health as a result of treatment. Focus group discussions focused on community’s views on African traditional medicine practices, perceptions of the causes of illness and the reasons for using African traditional medicine rather than conventional psychotherapy. Results: The main reason why patients use ATM was treatment specificity: They viewed mental illness as having a supernatural cause that could only be fixed by ATM. ATM provided holistic care was cheap and patients were avoiding problems they perceived as inherent in biomedical approaches. Discussion: To address the global burden of mental health issues in low-income countries, the World Health Organization has called for the optimization of all available resources to bolster the delivery of mental health treatment in primary care. Efforts should be made to incorporate helpful aspects of TM into biomedical treatment and improve reciprocity between biomedical and TM practitioners to improve on health-service utilization.
- B2B Meetings